{"id":25502,"date":"2026-09-05T02:44:23","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T23:44:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alienroad.com\/google-bilgi-bankasi\/book-actions-book-structured-data\/"},"modified":"2026-09-05T02:44:23","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T23:44:23","slug":"book-actions-book-structured-data","status":"publish","type":"ar_kb","link":"https:\/\/alienroad.com\/google-bilgi-bankasi\/book-actions-book-structured-data\/","title":{"rendered":"Book actions (Book) structured data"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Book actions make Google Search an entry point to discover books and authors. This enables<br \/>\n      Search users to quickly buy or borrow the books that they find directly from Search results.<br \/>\n      For example, a user can search for <i>Charlotte&#8217;s Web<\/i> and be presented with results that<br \/>\n      allow them to buy or borrow the book. As a provider of books, you can provide a feed of data to Google<br \/>\n      with the structured data schema provided here. Our specification provides<br \/>\n      <code>ReadAction<\/code> to let users buy a book and <code>BorrowAction<\/code> to borrow<br \/>\n      a book.<\/p>\n<p>    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/alienroad.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/kb-gorsel\/g-5b5c55a10ce6.png\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"A book action in Search results\"\n         width=\"275px\" class=\"attempt-right\" \/><\/p>\n<aside class=\"note\">\n      <b>Note<\/b>: The actual appearance in search results might be different.<br \/>\n    <\/aside>\n<aside class=\"note\"><b>Note:<\/b> To ensure robust coverage and better serve Search users, this feature<br \/>\n      is currently limited to book providers with a wide selection of available books. If you&#8217;d<br \/>\n      like to participate,<br \/>\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/forms\/d\/e\/1FAIpQLSd0mg2Yu6kNzBjkFSWQuiu61WIXo2kBmwFuwaA3JHiw7MfCdg\/viewform\" class=\"external-link\"><br \/>\n        register your interest<\/a>. If you indicate interest in this feature, it doesn&#8217;t guarantee<br \/>\n      your participation.<\/aside>\n<p>Read actions and borrow actions, which are incorporated into the panels, display options to<br \/>\n      buy or borrow the book. Through links you provide, read actions and borrow actions send users<br \/>\n      directly from the knowledge panel and other Google surfaces to a book page on your website or<br \/>\n      app.<\/p>\n<p>The order of providers in the knowledge panel is personalized and dynamic to each user. This<br \/>\n      means different users see different orderings, and the same user might see different orderings<br \/>\n      at different times. There are a variety of factors that affect a given ordering. For example,<br \/>\n      if a user clicks a given provider link in the knowledge panel often, that provider is more<br \/>\n      likely to be positioned higher in an ordering. There&#8217;s no way to control the order.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"get-started\" tabindex=\"-1\">Commencer<\/h2>\n<p>To successfully implement Book actions, you must build your feed in accordance with the Book<br \/>\n      actions <a href=\"#structured-data-type-definitions\">structured data type definitions<\/a>,<br \/>\n      but first review the following sections:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#guidelines\">Guidelines<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#create-your-feed\">Create your feed<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#test-your-feed-with-the-data-feed-validation-tool\">Test your feed with the Data<br \/>\n        Feed validation tool<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#host-your-feed-file\">Host your feed file<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#submit-your-feed-file-for-review\">Submit your feed file for review<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#update-your-feed-as-needed\">Update your feed as needed<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"guidelines\" tabindex=\"-1\">Guidelines<\/h2>\n<p>To ensure that your books can be reliably surfaced in Search, it&#8217;s important that you&#8217;re<br \/>\n      familiar with some important details and key concepts. Further, your feed must meet some<br \/>\n      standardized format specifications.<\/p>\n<p>To help you do that, follow the guidelines described here, in addition to the<br \/>\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/alienroad.com\/google-bilgi-bankasi\/structured-data-guidelines\/\">general structured data guidelines<\/a> and the<br \/>\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/alienroad.com\/google-bilgi-bankasi\/search-essentials-overview\/\">Search Essentials<\/a>. The guidelines are as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#works-and-editions\">Works and editions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#library-systems-and-library-members\">Library systems and library members<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#isbn-and-other-supported-identifiers\">ISBN and other supported identifiers<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#links\">Links<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"works-and-editions\" tabindex=\"-1\">Works and editions<\/h3>\n<p>Throughout this documentation, we use two distinct terms when we talk about a book:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Work<\/b>: The abstract concept of a book. Specifically, metadata such as the title, author,<br \/>\n        and original language are attributes for a work.<\/li>\n<li><b>Edition<\/b>: A concrete copy of the book. Specifically, metadata such as the<br \/>\n        year of publication, name of the edition, and International Standard Book Number (ISBN) are<br \/>\n        attributes for the edition.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For example, <i>Charlotte&#8217;s Web<\/i> is a <i>work<\/i>, but every single variety it comes in is<br \/>\n      an edition. In this case, the work <i>Charlotte&#8217;s Web<\/i> might have a first edition, second<br \/>\n      edition, abridged edition, French translation edition, and so on.<\/p>\n<p>This distinction is especially important in the feed where it might not be immediately<br \/>\n      obvious. There are two <a href=\"#book-entity\"><code>Book<\/code> entities<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#book-work\"><code>Book<\/code> (<code>Work<\/code>)<\/a> is the &#8220;top level&#8221; <code>Book<\/code><br \/>\n        entity:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>workExample<\/code> is a property of <code>Work<\/code> and specifies one and only<br \/>\n            one instance of a <code>Book<\/code> (<code>Edition<\/code>).<\/li>\n<li>There must be at least one <code>workExample<\/code> for each <code>Work<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#book-edition\"><code>Book<\/code> (<code>Edition<\/code>)<\/a> is the &#8220;lower level&#8221; <code>Book<\/code><br \/>\n        entity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It helps to remember that there can be multiple editions of a work. We recommend that you<br \/>\n      group these editions together as much as possible. This helps Google systems leverage all of<br \/>\n      the relevant information about a book and surface it in Search. If you must, you can break<br \/>\n      them into multiple work records, but each work record must have the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A different <code>@id<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>At least one edition with an ISBN or other supported identifier.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"library-systems-and-library-members\" tabindex=\"-1\">Library systems and library members<\/h3>\n<aside class=\"note\"><b>Note:<\/b> This section is relevant for providers who lend books.<\/aside>\n<p>The <a href=\"#library-entity\"><code>Library entity<\/code><\/a> is<br \/>\n      the &#8220;top level&#8221; <code>Library<\/code> entity type. It&#8217;s an abstract construct, which consists<br \/>\n      of a <a href=\"#librarysystem\"><code>LibrarySystem<\/code><\/a> entity and each &#8220;lower level&#8221;<br \/>\n      <a href=\"#library-member\"><code>Library (member)<\/code><\/a> entity of that library system.<\/p>\n<p>The <code>LibrarySystem<\/code> entity is an abstraction and represents a collaborative<br \/>\n      network of library <i>members<\/i>. For example, Austin Public Library can be specified as a<br \/>\n      <code>LibrarySystem<\/code> entity. The <a href=\"https:\/\/library.austintexas.gov\/locations\" class=\"external-link\">Austin Public<br \/>\n      Library website<\/a> describes themself as a public library <i>system<\/i> that serves Austin,<br \/>\n      Texas. It consists of their 20 affiliated libraries, or library <i>members<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>Every <code>LibrarySystem<\/code> entity requires at least one <code>Library (member)<\/code><br \/>\n      entity, even if in real life the library isn&#8217;t part of any library system. In this scenario,<br \/>\n      for the purpose of Book action implementation, the library is the sole library<br \/>\n      <i>member<\/i> of its own library <i>system<\/i>. For the purpose of Book action<br \/>\n      implementation, unlike a library <i>system<\/i>, a library <i>member<\/i> isn&#8217;t an abstraction<br \/>\n      and therefore has a physical address.<\/p>\n<p>Conversely, every <code>Library (member)<\/code> entity must belong to at least one<br \/>\n      <code>LibrarySystem<\/code> entity.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"isbn-and-other-supported-identifiers\" tabindex=\"-1\">ISBN and other supported identifiers<\/h3>\n<p>The ISBN is the main reconciliation signal when Google<br \/>\n      Search matches your feed data to Google&#8217;s data. You must provide an ISBN or other supported<br \/>\n      identifier for all the books you wish to have surfaced in Search results. Without it, it&#8217;s<br \/>\n      likely that your books can&#8217;t be matched and therefore won&#8217;t be served.<\/p>\n<p>Google Search prefers ISBN-13, but you can alternatively provide the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) Number<\/li>\n<li>Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN)<\/li>\n<li>JP e-code<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<aside class=\"warning\"><b>Warning:<\/b> Google Search doesn&#8217;t accept ISBN-10. For books that have<br \/>\n      only ISBN-10 information, use an ISBN conversion tool to convert to ISBN-13 before you send<br \/>\n      your feed to Google.<\/aside>\n<aside class=\"note\">\n<p><b>Note:<\/b> For books without an ISBN, you can still provide those books in the feed.<br \/>\n        They might not be surfaced to users in Google Search. However, the<br \/>\n        following practices might help facilitate a correct match:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Group all of the <a href=\"#book-edition\"><code>Edition<\/code><\/a> entities under the same<br \/>\n          <a href=\"#book-work\">Work<\/a>, and ensure at least one of the editions has an ISBN, OCLC<br \/>\n          Number, LCCN, or JP e-code. Google Search may be able to leverage the available ISBN or other<br \/>\n          supported identifier from another edition.<\/li>\n<li>Add third-party identifiers. Google Search currently supports two widely used library<br \/>\n          control numbers: OCLC Number or LCCN. If you have either of these, provide them.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/aside>\n<h3 id=\"links\" tabindex=\"-1\">Links<\/h3>\n<p>To make sure people have the best experience finding your books, links in your feed must<br \/>\n      adhere to the following guidelines:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>If you have duplicate pages for the same content, the link must be the<br \/>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/alienroad.com\/google-bilgi-bankasi\/specify-canonical\/\" class=\"external-link\"\n          >canonical URL<\/a> that contains the book title and other book<br \/>\n        information.<\/li>\n<li>After a user clicks a read action or borrow action link, the user must be sent to a page<br \/>\n        that directly supports the purchase or borrowing of the book. Specifically, don&#8217;t point<br \/>\n        action links to pages with more links that must be clicked in order to purchase or borrow<br \/>\n        the content. For example, don&#8217;t send people to a search results page or a product summary<br \/>\n        page.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"create-your-feed\" tabindex=\"-1\">Create your feed<\/h2>\n<aside class=\"note\"><b>Note:<\/b> The use of this feature is limited to book providers that have<br \/>\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/forms\/d\/e\/1FAIpQLSd0mg2Yu6kNzBjkFSWQuiu61WIXo2kBmwFuwaA3JHiw7MfCdg\/viewform\" class=\"external-link\">filled out the interest form<\/a><br \/>\n      and have been onboarded.<\/aside>\n<p>If your site sells books for users to buy, you must upload your<br \/>\n      <a href=\"#book-entity\"><code>Book<\/code><\/a> feed. A Google support team will reach out to you<br \/>\n      with details about how and where to upload your feed.<\/p>\n<p>If your site lends books for users to borrow, you must upload two separate feeds: your<br \/>\n      <a href=\"#book-entity\"><code>Book<\/code><\/a> feed and your<br \/>\n      <a href=\"#library-entity\"><code>Library<\/code><\/a> feed. A Google support team will reach out<br \/>\n      to you with details about how and where to upload your feed.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"adhere-to-feed-file-size-quantity-and-format-requirements\" tabindex=\"-1\">Adhere to feed file size,<br \/>\n      quantity, and format requirements<\/h3>\n<p>The requirements are as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Feed file size requirements:\n<ul>\n<li>An uncompressed feed file&#8217;s size must be less than 1&nbsp;GB.<\/li>\n<li>A feed file that&#8217;s to be compressed must be less than 1&nbsp;GB. If your<br \/>\n            uncompressed feed file exceeds 1&nbsp;GB, you must split the uncompressed feed file<br \/>\n            into multiple files.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>You can compress feed files. They must be formatted into a zip, gz, tar, tar.gz, JAR,<br \/>\n        ar, arj, cpio, or dump archive file.<\/li>\n<li>If you have multiple feed files, you can upload them as is, or if you prefer, you can<br \/>\n        include them as part of a<br \/>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/alienroad.com\/google-bilgi-bankasi\/manage-your-sitemaps-with-a-sitemap-index-file\/\" class=\"external-link\"\n          >sitemap index file<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Single feed files must have the <code>.json<\/code> filename extension.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"adhere-to-feed-content-requirements\" tabindex=\"-1\">Adhere to feed content requirements<\/h3>\n<p>Be especially aware of the following feed content requirements that you must adhere to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The feed mustn&#8217;t contain stale entities. Stale entities are entities with<br \/>\n        <code>availabilityEnds<\/code> set to a date that has passed or entities that are no longer<br \/>\n        available on your site.<\/li>\n<li>All deep links, such as <code>urlTemplate<\/code>, and all URLs, such as<br \/>\n        <code>url<\/code>, that you include in your feed must be production URLs. Don&#8217;t use QA,<br \/>\n        development, or any other type of non-production URL.<\/li>\n<li>All URLs, such as <code>url<\/code>, must be<br \/>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/alienroad.com\/google-bilgi-bankasi\/specify-canonical\/\" class=\"external-link\"\n          >canonical<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Each entity in your feed must specify the following properties:\n<ul>\n<li>A unique ID: <code>@id<\/code><\/li>\n<li>A unique URL: <code>url<\/code><\/li>\n<li>A unique deep link: <code>urlTemplate<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"test-your-feed-with-the-data-feed-validation-tool\" tabindex=\"-1\">Test your feed with the Data Feed<br \/>\n      validation tool<\/h2>\n<p>We recommend the following troubleshooting steps for resolving common errors and warnings<br \/>\n      on the <a href=\"https:\/\/actions.google.com\/tools\/feed-validator\/u\/0\/\" class=\"external-link\">Data Feed validation tool<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Make sure that you have the correct option selected in the <b>Validate on<\/b> field.<br \/>\n          Select <b>Books Action<\/b> for the <code>Book<\/code> entity.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>Verify that the value of <code>@type<\/code> is spelled correctly.<\/li>\n<li>Make sure that the value of <code>@context<\/code> is set properly. Set<br \/>\n        <code>\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\"<\/code> for both <code>ReadAction<\/code> and<br \/>\n        <code>BorrowAction<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"host-your-feed-file\" tabindex=\"-1\">Host your feed file<\/h2>\n<p>When your feed file is ready, host it at a secure location. Google fetches the feed<br \/>\n      regularly to ensure that your content is up-to-date.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"host-methods\" tabindex=\"-1\">Host methods<\/h3>\n<p>The following feed hosting methods are supported:<\/p>\n<table class=\"vertical-rules\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><b>Hosting<\/b><\/th>\n<th colspan=\"2\"><b>Authentication Support<\/b><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Google Cloud Storage<\/td>\n<td><i>Storage Object Viewer<\/i> permission<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>HTTPS<\/td>\n<td>Username+Password or<br \/>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/web.dev\/articles\/enable-https\" class=\"external-link\">HTTP client certificates<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>SFTP<\/td>\n<td>Password, Key+Phrase, or both<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>AWS S3<\/td>\n<td>Key ID+Access Key<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"submit-your-feed-file-for-review\" tabindex=\"-1\">Submit your feed file for review<\/h2>\n<p>For your content to be available on Google Search, a Google support team reviews the<br \/>\n      quality of the deep links in your feed. We strongly recommend that you manually test some of<br \/>\n      the deep links to confirm whether they open the page where users can buy or borrow the<br \/>\n      books.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"note\"><b>Note:<\/b> The successful use of this feature, along with the<br \/>\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/forms\/d\/e\/1FAIpQLSd0mg2Yu6kNzBjkFSWQuiu61WIXo2kBmwFuwaA3JHiw7MfCdg\/viewform\" class=\"external-link\">interest form<\/a> you must use to submit your feed,<br \/>\n        is limited to partners.<\/aside>\n<p>To request a review of your feed, provide the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Host location:<\/b> The URL of your feed file.<\/li>\n<li><b>Host authentication, if applicable:<\/b> The authentication credentials to allow<br \/>\n        Google to get the feed file from your host location.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"update-your-feed-as-needed\" tabindex=\"-1\">Update your feed as needed<\/h2>\n<p>We recommend that you update your feed daily, but this ultimately depends on how often your<br \/>\n      catalog changes. Be aware of the following conditions and tips:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Google Search doesn&#8217;t support real-time updates.<\/li>\n<li>Google Search fetches your feed once a day and typically indexes the content within two days.<\/li>\n<li>If there&#8217;s a foreseeable change in an edition&#8217;s availability, use<br \/>\n        <code>availabilityStarts<\/code> and <code>availabilityEnds<\/code><br \/>\n        to set the exact dates. If the entity is no longer available, remove the entity completely<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"structured-data-type-definitions\" tabindex=\"-1\">Structured data type definitions<\/h2>\n<p>You must include the required properties listed here for your content to be eligible for<br \/>\n      display in structured search results. You can also include the recommended properties to add<br \/>\n      more information about your content, which can provide a better user experience.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"datafeed-entity\" tabindex=\"-1\">DataFeed entity<\/h3>\n<p>Every schema.org data feed file delivered to Google must contain one single entity of<br \/>\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DataFeed\" class=\"external-link\"\n        ><code>DataFeed<\/code><\/a> at the root level. All<br \/>\n      <a href=\"#book-entity\"><code>Book<\/code><\/a> and<br \/>\n      <a href=\"#library-entity\"><code>Library<\/code><\/a> entities must be listed under the<br \/>\n      <code>dataFeedElement<\/code> field of the <code>DataFeed<\/code> entity.<\/p>\n<p>The Google-supported properties are the following:<\/p>\n<table class=\"responsive fixed\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"20%\"><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\">Required properties<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><code>@context<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Text<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Set to <code>https:\/\/schema.org<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>@type<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Text<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Set to <code>DataFeed<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>dataFeedElement<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Book\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Book<\/code><\/a> ou<br \/>\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/LibrarySystem\" class=\"external-link\"\n                ><code>LibrarySystem<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Set to either a single<br \/>\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Book\" class=\"external-link\"\n                ><code>Book<\/code><\/a> entity or<br \/>\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/LibrarySystem\" class=\"external-link\"\n                ><code>LibrarySystem<\/code><\/a><br \/>\n              entity. Otherwise, set to an array of either only <code>Book<\/code> entities or<br \/>\n              <code>LibrarySystem<\/code> entities. Don&#8217;t set this to an array that includes both<br \/>\n              <code>Book<\/code> entities and <code>LibrarySystem<\/code> entities.<\/p>\n<p>Example use in a <code>Book<\/code> feed:<\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<p>Example use in a <code>LibrarySystem<\/code> feed:<\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<aside class=\"warning\">\n<p><b>Warning:<\/b> As described in<br \/>\n                <a href=\"#create-your-feed\">Create your feed<\/a>, if you have both a<br \/>\n                <a href=\"#book-entity\"><code>Book<\/code><\/a> feed and a <a href=\"#library-entity\"><code>Library<\/code><\/a><br \/>\n                feed, they must be two separate feeds files. Therefore, for any given<br \/>\n                <code>DataFeed<\/code> entity, you can set its <code>dataFeedElement<\/code> property<br \/>\n                according to one and only one of the following conditions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Set <code>dataFeedElement<\/code> to either a single <code>Book<\/code> entity or<br \/>\n                  an array of <code>Book<\/code> entities.<\/li>\n<li>Set <code>dataFeedElement<\/code> to either a single <code>LibrarySystem<\/code><br \/>\n                  entity or an array of <code>LibrarySystem<\/code> entities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/aside>\n<\/td>\n<tr>\n<td><code>dateModified<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DateTime\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>DateTime<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The date and time of the last update of the feed in the<br \/>\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISO_8601\" class=\"external-link\"\n                >ISO 8601<\/a> format.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 id=\"book-entity\" tabindex=\"-1\"><code>Book<\/code> entity<\/h3>\n<p>While the full definition of <code>Book<\/code> is available at<br \/>\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Book\" class=\"external-link\">schema.org\/Book<\/a>, you<br \/>\n      only need to consider the following properties. You must define the required properties for<br \/>\n      every book you choose to include in your feed. You can also define recommended properties to<br \/>\n      add more information about your content, which can provide a better user experience.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"book-work\" tabindex=\"-1\"><code>Book<\/code> (<code>Work<\/code>)<\/h4>\n<p>This <code>Book<\/code> entity is the top level entity type. It represents a <i>work<\/i>.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"key-point\"><b>Key Point:<\/b> Read the<br \/>\n      <a href=\"#works-and-editions\">Works and editions<\/a> guidelines to understand the difference<br \/>\n      between the two <code>Book<\/code> entities in your implementation.<\/aside>\n<p>The Google-supported properties are the following:<\/p>\n<table class=\"responsive fixed\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"20%\"><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\">Required properties<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><code>@context<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Text<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Set to <code>https:\/\/schema.org<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>@id<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Text<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>A globally unique ID for the book in URL format. It must be unique to your<br \/>\n              organization. The ID must be stable and not change over time. URL format is suggested<br \/>\n              though not required. It doesn&#8217;t have to be a working link. The domain used for the<br \/>\n              <code>@id<\/code> value must be owned by your organization.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>@type<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Text<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Set to <code>Book<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>author<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Person<\/code><\/a> ou<br \/>\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Organization\" class=\"external-link\"><code>Organization<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The author(s) of the book.<\/p>\n<aside>\n<p><b>Note:<\/b> If the book doesn&#8217;t have an author, but rather, one or more<br \/>\n              <i>contributors<\/i>, include these other contributors as defined in<br \/>\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Book\" class=\"external-link\"\n                >schema.org\/Book<\/a>.<br \/>\n              For example, a book might have no known or recorded author, but might instead have a<br \/>\n              number of editors.<\/p>\n<p>Conversely, if a book&#8217;s author is an organization, define the author accordinly as<br \/>\n              defined in<br \/>\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Organization\" class=\"external-link\">schema.org\/Organization<\/a>.<br \/>\n              For example, the author for a book titled &#8220;Fundamentals of fire fighting skills&#8221; might<br \/>\n              be the organization<br \/>\n              <code>National Fire Protection Association<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>name<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Text<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The title of the book.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>url<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/URL\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>URL<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The URL on your website where the book is introduced or described. This link helps<br \/>\n              accurately reconcile the content in your feed with the content in Google&#8217;s<br \/>\n              databases. It can be the same as <code>workExample.target.urlTemplate<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>For the actual landing page, Google Search uses the URL provided in<br \/>\n              <code>workExample.target.urlTemplate<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>workExample<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Book\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Book<\/code><\/a> <code>(Edition)<\/code><\/p>\n<p>The edition(s) of the work.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table class=\"responsive fixed\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"20%\"><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\">Recommended properties<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><code>sameAs<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/URL\" class=\"external-link\"><code>URL<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The URL of a reference page that identifies the work. For example, a Wikipedia,<br \/>\n              Wikidata, VIAF, or Library of Congress page for the book.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4 id=\"book-edition\" tabindex=\"-1\"><code>Book<\/code> (<code>Edition<\/code>)<\/h4>\n<p>The <code>workExample<\/code> property uses this <code>Book<\/code> entity. It represents an<br \/>\n      <i>edition<\/i> of a <i>work<\/i>.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"key-point\"><b>Key Point:<\/b> Read the<br \/>\n      <a href=\"#works-and-editions\">Works and editions<\/a> guidelines to understand the difference<br \/>\n      between the two <code>Book<\/code> entities in your implementation.<\/aside>\n<p>The Google-supported properties are the following:<\/p>\n<table class=\"responsive fixed\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"20%\"><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\">Required properties<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><code>@id<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Text<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>A globally unique ID for the book in URL format. It must be unique to your<br \/>\n              organization. The ID must be stable and not change over time. URL format is suggested<br \/>\n              though not required. It doesn&#8217;t have to be a working link. The domain used for the<br \/>\n              <code>@id<\/code> value must be owned by your organization.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>@type<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Text<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Set to <code>Book<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>bookFormat<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Enumeration\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Enum<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The format of the edition. The value of this must be one of the<br \/>\n              following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>https:\/\/schema.org\/AudiobookFormat<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>https:\/\/schema.org\/EBook<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>https:\/\/schema.org\/Hardcover<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>https:\/\/schema.org\/Paperback<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>inLanguage<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Text<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The main language of the content in the edition. Use one of the two-letter codes<br \/>\n              from the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_ISO_639-1_codes\" class=\"external-link\">list<br \/>\n              of ISO 639-1 alpha-2 codes<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>isbn<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Text<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The ISBN-13 of the edition. If you have ISBN-10, convert it into ISBN-13.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>potentialAction<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ReadAction\" class=\"external-link\"><code>ReadAction<\/code><\/a> ou <a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BorrowAction\" class=\"external-link\"><code>BorrowAction<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The action to be triggered for users to purchase or download the book. For more<br \/>\n              details, refer to <a href=\"#readaction-potentialaction\"><code>ReadAction<\/code><\/a> ou<br \/>\n              <a href=\"#borrowaction-potentialaction\"><code>BorrowAction<\/code><\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table class=\"responsive fixed\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"20%\"><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\">Recommended properties<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><code>author<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Person<\/code><\/a> ou<br \/>\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Organization\" class=\"external-link\"><code>Organization<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The author(s) of the edition.<\/p>\n<aside>\n<p><b>Note:<\/b> Only use this when the author of the edition is different from<br \/>\n              the work author information.<\/p>\n<p>If the edition doesn&#8217;t have an author, but rather, one or more<br \/>\n              <i>contributors<\/i>, include these other contributors as defined in<br \/>\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Book\" class=\"external-link\"\n                >schema.org\/Book<\/a>.<br \/>\n              For example, an edition might have no known or recorded author, but might instead have<br \/>\n                a number of editors.<\/p>\n<p>Conversely, if an edition&#8217;s author is an organization, define the author as defined<br \/>\n              in<br \/>\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Organization\" class=\"external-link\">schema.org\/Organization<\/a>.<br \/>\n              For example,<br \/>\n              <i>Publication manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th edition<\/i>&#8216;s<br \/>\n              author might be the organization<br \/>\n              <code>American Psychological Association<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>bookEdition<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\"><code>Text<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The edition information of the book. For example, <code>2nd Edition<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>datePublished<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Date\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Date<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The date of publication of the edition in <var>YYYY-MM-DD<\/var> ou <var>YYYY<\/var><br \/>\n              format. This can be either a specific date or only a specific year.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>identifier<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/PropertyValue\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>PropertyValue<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The external or other ID that unambiguously identifies this edition. Multiple<br \/>\n              identifiers are allowed. For more details, refer to<br \/>\n              <a href=\"#propertyvalue-identifier\"><code>PropertyValue<\/code> (<code>identifier<\/code>)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>This property can be repeated.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>name<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Text<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The title of the edition. Only use this when the title of the edition is different<br \/>\n              from the title of the work.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>sameAs<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/URL\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>URL<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The URL of a reference web page that unambiguously indicates the edition. For<br \/>\n              example, a Wikipedia page for this specific edition. Don&#8217;t reuse the<br \/>\n              <code>sameAs<\/code> of the <code>Work<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>url<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/URL\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>URL<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The URL on your website where the edition is introduced or described. It can be the<br \/>\n              same as <code>workExample.target.urlTemplate<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Example <code>Book<\/code> (<code>Edition<\/code>):<\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<p>Example <code>Book<\/code> (<code>Edition<\/code>) with multiple <code>workExample<\/code> properties:<\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"person-or-organization-author\" tabindex=\"-1\"><code>Person<\/code> ou <code>Organization<\/code> (<code>author<\/code>)<\/h3>\n<p>The <code>author<\/code> property of the book uses the<br \/>\n      <code>Person<\/code> ou <code>Organization<\/code> entity.<\/p>\n<table class=\"responsive fixed\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"20%\"><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\">Required properties<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><code>@type<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Text<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Set to <code>Person<\/code> ou <code>Organization<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>name<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Text<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The name of the person or organization.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table class=\"responsive fixed\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"20%\"><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\">Recommended properties<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><code>sameAs<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/URL\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>URL<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The URL of a reference web page that unambiguously indicates the person or<br \/>\n              organization&#8217;s identity. For example, a Wikipedia page for the person or organization.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Example <code>author<\/code>:<\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<p>Example with multiple <code>author<\/code> properties:<\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"propertyvalue-identifier\" tabindex=\"-1\">PropertyValue (identifier)<\/h3>\n<p>The <code>identifier<\/code> property of the <code>Edition<\/code> uses the <code>PropertyValue<\/code><br \/>\n      entity.<\/p>\n<table class=\"responsive fixed\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"20%\"><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\">Required properties<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><code>@type<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Text<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Set to <code>PropertyValue<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>propertyID<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Text<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The type of ID. As described in<br \/>\n              <a href=\"#isbn-and-other-supported-identifiers\">ISBN and other supported<br \/>\n                identifiers<\/a>, it must be either of the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>OCLC_NUMBER<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>LCCN<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>JP_E-CODE<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>value<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Text<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The ID value. The external ID that unambiguously identifies this edition. Remove all<br \/>\n              non-numeric prefixes of the external ID.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Example <code>identifier<\/code>:<\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<p>Example with multiple <code>identifier<\/code> properties:<\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"example-readaction-book-feed-json-file\" tabindex=\"-1\">Example <code>ReadAction<\/code> <code>Book<\/code> feed JSON file<\/h3>\n<div><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"example-borrowaction-book-feed-json-file\" tabindex=\"-1\">Example <code>BorrowAction<\/code> <code>Book<\/code> feed JSON file<\/h3>\n<div><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"readaction-potentialaction\" tabindex=\"-1\"><code>ReadAction<\/code> (<code>potentialAction<\/code>)<\/h3>\n<p>The <code>potentialAction<\/code> property uses the <code>ReadAction<\/code> entity.<br \/>\n      <code>ReadAction<\/code> defines your deep links to access the book, the retailer that stocks<br \/>\n      the book, and the criteria that the users must meet. Criteria might include membership status,<br \/>\n      login status, location, or anything else required to access the book.<\/p>\n<table class=\"responsive fixed\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"20%\"><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\">Required properties<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><code>@type<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Text<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Set to <code>ReadAction<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>expectsAcceptanceOf<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Offer\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Offer<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The definition of user requirements to access this entity. If multiple<br \/>\n              <code>Offer<\/code> properties are present, a user matching <i>any<\/i> of the<br \/>\n              <code>Offer<\/code> criteria might be able to access the content.<\/p>\n<p>This property can be repeated.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>expectsAcceptanceOf.@type<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Text<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Set to <code>Offer<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>expectsAcceptanceOf.category<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Text<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The type of <code>Offer<\/code>. This must be one of the following values:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>nologinrequired<\/code>: The action is available to the user with no purchase<br \/>\n                or login to access content.<\/li>\n<li><code>free<\/code>: The action is available with no purchase or paid subscription<br \/>\n                required of the user. The action does, however, require a user to log in.<\/li>\n<li><code>subscription<\/code>: The book is included with a paid subscription to your<br \/>\n                service.<\/li>\n<li><code>purchase<\/code>: The book is accessible through a purchase.<\/li>\n<li><code>rental<\/code>: The book is accessible for a finite amount of time after the<br \/>\n                purchase.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>expectsAcceptanceOf.eligibleRegion<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Country\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Country<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The country that&#8217;s eligible for this <code>Offer<\/code>. This can be used to control<br \/>\n              the country and region where this content is or isn&#8217;t available.<\/p>\n<p>This property can be repeated.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>expectsAcceptanceOf.eligibleRegion.@type<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Text<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Set to <code>Country<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>expectsAcceptanceOf.eligibleRegion.name<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Text<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2\" class=\"external-link\"\n                     >ISO 3166-1 alpha-2<\/a> country code.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>target<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/EntryPoint\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>EntryPoint<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The specifications of your deep link, which includes the supported platform<br \/>\n              information. There can be multiple <code>EntryPoint<\/code> properties to define<br \/>\n              different deep links for different platform sets.<\/p>\n<p>This property can be repeated.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>target.@type<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Text<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Set to <code>EntryPoint<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>target.actionPlatform<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Text<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The platform(s) that this deep link is valid for. Use one of the following<br \/>\n              values:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>https:\/\/schema.org\/DesktopWebPlatform<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>https:\/\/schema.org\/AndroidPlatform<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>https:\/\/schema.org\/IOSPlatform<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This property can be repeated.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>target.urlTemplate<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/URL\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>URL<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The link that takes users directly to the content of your book&#8217;s landing page.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table class=\"responsive fixed\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"20%\"><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\">Recommended properties<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><code>expectsAcceptanceOf.availabilityEnds<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DateTime\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>DateTime<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The end time of the availability window. This can be used to control the exact time<br \/>\n              when this book must no longer be exposed to users.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>expectsAcceptanceOf.availabilityStarts<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/DateTime\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>DateTime<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The start time of the availability window. This can be used to control the exact<br \/>\n              time when this book can be exposed to users.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>expectsAcceptanceOf.price<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Number\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Number<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The purchase price of the book. This is required when the <code>Offer<\/code><br \/>\n              property&#8217;s <code>category<\/code> is set to <code>purchase<\/code> ou<br \/>\n              <code>rental<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>expectsAcceptanceOf.priceCurrency<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Text<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The currency of the price in three-letter<br \/>\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISO_4217\" class=\"external-link\">ISO<br \/>\n                4217<\/a> format.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Example <code>ReadAction<\/code>:<\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<p>Example <code>ReadAction<\/code> with multiple <code>EntryPoint<\/code> properties:<\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"borrowaction-potentialaction\" tabindex=\"-1\"><code>BorrowAction<\/code> (<code>potentialAction<\/code>)<\/h3>\n<p>The <code>potentialAction<\/code> property uses the <code>BorrowAction<\/code> entity.<br \/>\n      <code>BorrowAction<\/code> defines your deep links to access the book, the library that stocks<br \/>\n      the book, and the criteria that the users must meet. Criteria might include membership status,<br \/>\n      login status, location, or anything else required to access the book.<\/p>\n<table class=\"responsive fixed\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"20%\"><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\">Required properties<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><code>@type<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Text<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Set to <code>BorrowAction<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>lender<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/LibrarySystem\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>LibrarySystem<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The library system that provides access to this edition.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>lender.@id<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/URL\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>URL<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The ID references of the <code>LibrarySystem<\/code>, which must be fully described<br \/>\n              separately in the library feed.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>lender.@type<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Text<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Set to <code>LibrarySystem<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>target<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/EntryPoint\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>EntryPoint<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The specifications of your deep link, which includes the supported platform<br \/>\n              information. To define deep links for different platform sets, specify an<br \/>\n              <code>EntryPoint<\/code> array.<\/p>\n<p>This property can be repeated.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>target.@type<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Text<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Set to <code>EntryPoint<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>target.actionPlatform<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>Text<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The platform(s) that this deep link is valid for. Use one of the following<br \/>\n              values:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>https:\/\/schema.org\/DesktopWebPlatform<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>https:\/\/schema.org\/AndroidPlatform<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>https:\/\/schema.org\/IOSPlatform<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This property can be repeated.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>target.urlTemplate<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/URL\" class=\"external-link\"\n                 ><code>URL<\/code><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The link that takes users directly to the content of your book&#8217;s landing page.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Example <code>BorrowAction<\/code>:<\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<p>Example <code>BorrowAction<\/code> with multiple <code>EntryPoint<\/code> properties:<\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"library-entity\" tabindex=\"-1\"><code>Library<\/code> entity<\/h3>\n<p>While the full definition of <code>Library<\/code> is available at<br \/>\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Library\" class=\"external-link\">schema.org\/Library<\/a>,<br \/>\n      you only need to consider the following properties. You must define the<br \/>\n      required properties for every library you choose to include in your feed.<br \/>\n      You can also define recommended properties to add more information about<br \/>\n      your content, which can provide a better user experience.<\/p>\n<p>This <code>Library<\/code> entity is the top level <code>Library<\/code><br \/>\n      entity type. It&#8217;s an abstract construct, which consists of a<br \/>\n      <code>LibrarySystem<\/code> entity and each lower level<br \/>\n      <code>Library (member)<\/code> entity of that<br \/>\n      <code>LibrarySystem<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>The <code>Library<\/code> feed is distinct from the <code>Book<\/code> feed. Therefore, any <code>Library<\/code><br \/>\n      feed you might implement must be entirely separate from your <code>Book<\/code> feed.<br \/>\n      For more information, refer to<br \/>\n      <a href=\"#create-your-feed\">Create your feed<\/a>.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"key-point\"><b>Key Point:<\/b> Read the<br \/>\n      <a href=\"#library-systems-and-library-members\">Library systems and library members<\/a><br \/>\n      guidelines to understand the difference between the top level<br \/>\n      <code>Library<\/code> entity, the <code>LibrarySystem<\/code> entity, and<br \/>\n      the lower level <code>Library<\/code> entity in your<br \/>\n      implementation.<\/aside>\n<h4 id=\"librarysystem\" tabindex=\"-1\">LibrarySystem<\/h4>\n<p>The <code>LibrarySystem<\/code> entity represents a collaborative network<br \/>\n      of library <i>members<\/i>.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"key-point\"><b>Key Point:<\/b> Read the<br \/>\n      <a href=\"#library-systems-and-library-members\">Library systems and library members<\/a><br \/>\n      guidelines to understand the difference between the top level<br \/>\n      <code>Library<\/code> entity, the <code>LibrarySystem<\/code> entity, and<br \/>\n      the lower level <code>Library<\/code> entity in your<br \/>\n      implementation.<\/aside>\n<table class=\"responsive fixed\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"20%\"><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\">Required properties<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n        <code>@context<\/code>\n        <\/td>\n<td>\n        <code><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\">Text<\/a><\/code><\/p>\n<p>Set to <code>https:\/\/schema.org<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n        <code>@id<\/code>\n        <\/td>\n<td>\n        <code><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/URL\" class=\"external-link\">URL<\/a><\/code><\/p>\n<p>A globally unique ID for the library system in URL<br \/>\n            format. The ID must be stable and not change over time. It&#8217;s treated<br \/>\n            as an opaque string and doesn&#8217;t need to be a working link. The<br \/>\n            domain used for the <code>@id<\/code> value must be owned by your<br \/>\n            organization.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n        <code>@type<\/code>\n        <\/td>\n<td>\n        <code><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\">Text<\/a><\/code><\/p>\n<p>Set to <code>LibrarySystem<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n        <code>additionalProperty<\/code>\n        <\/td>\n<td>\n        <code><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/PropertyValue\" class=\"external-link\">PropertyValue<\/a><\/code><\/p>\n<p>The additional property used to indicate the type of<br \/>\n          the library.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n        <code>additionalProperty.@type<\/code>\n        <\/td>\n<td>\n        <code><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\">Text<\/a><\/code><\/p>\n<p>Set to <code>PropertyValue<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n        <code>additionalProperty.name<\/code>\n        <\/td>\n<td>\n        <code><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\">Text<\/a><\/code><\/p>\n<p>Set to <code>librarytype<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n        <code>additionalProperty.value<\/code>\n        <\/td>\n<td>\n        <code><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\">Text<\/a><\/code><\/p>\n<p>The type of the library. Use one of the following<br \/>\n          values:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>public<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>academic<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>corporate<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>government<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>school<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>special<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n        <code>member<\/code>\n        <\/td>\n<td>\n        <code><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Library\" class=\"external-link\">Library<\/a><\/code><\/p>\n<p>The member(s) of the library system.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n        <code>name<\/code>\n        <\/td>\n<td>\n        <code><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\">Text<\/a><\/code><\/p>\n<p>The name of the library system. For example,<br \/>\n            <code>The Southwestern League of Libraries<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n        <code>url<\/code>\n        <\/td>\n<td>\n        <code><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/URL\" class=\"external-link\">URL<\/a><\/code><\/p>\n<p>The URL where the library system is introduced or<br \/>\n            described. Google Search uses this link to reconcile the content in<br \/>\n            your feed with the content in Google&#8217;s databases. For the actual<br \/>\n            landing page, Google Search uses the URL provided in<br \/>\n            <code>workExample.target.urlTemplate<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4 id=\"library-member\" tabindex=\"-1\"><code>Library<\/code> (<code>member<\/code>)<\/h4>\n<p>The <code>member<\/code> property of the <code>LibrarySystem<\/code> entity<br \/>\n    uses the <code>Library (member)<\/code> entity.<br \/>\n    <code>Library (member)<\/code> represents a single library <i>member<\/i><br \/>\n    of a given library <i>system<\/i>.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"key-point\"><b>Key Point:<\/b> Read the<br \/>\n    <a href=\"#library-systems-and-library-members\">Library systems and library members<\/a><br \/>\n    guidelines to understand the difference between the top level<br \/>\n    <code>Library<\/code> entity, the <code>LibrarySystem<\/code> entity, and<br \/>\n    the lower level <code>Library<\/code> entity in your<br \/>\n    implementation.<\/aside>\n<table class=\"responsive fixed\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"20%\"><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\">Required properties<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n        <code>@id<\/code>\n        <\/td>\n<td>\n        <code><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/URL\" class=\"external-link\">URL<\/a><\/code><\/p>\n<p>A globally unique ID for the library branch in URL<br \/>\n            format. The ID must be stable and not change over time. It&#8217;s treated<br \/>\n            as an opaque string and doesn&#8217;t need to be a working link. The<br \/>\n            domain used for the <code>@id<\/code> value must be owned by your<br \/>\n            organization.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n        <code>@type<\/code>\n        <\/td>\n<td>\n        <code><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\">Text<\/a><\/code><\/p>\n<p>Set to <code>Library<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n        <code>location<\/code>\n        <\/td>\n<td>\n        <code><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/PostalAddress\" class=\"external-link\">PostalAddress<\/a><\/code><\/p>\n<p>The street address of the library branch. Not all<br \/>\n          properties apply to every country. You must include as many as apply<br \/>\n          to the addresses of your libraries.<\/p>\n<p>Example United States <code>location<\/code>:<\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<p>Example Japan <code>location<\/code>:<\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n        <code>location.@type<\/code>\n        <\/td>\n<td>\n        <code><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\">Text<\/a><\/code><\/p>\n<p>Set to <code>PostalAddress<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n        <code>location.addressCountry<\/code>\n        <\/td>\n<td>\n        <code><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\">Text<\/a><\/code><\/p>\n<p>The country code in<br \/>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISO_3166-1\" class=\"external-link\">ISO 3166-1<\/a><br \/>\n            format. For example, <code>US<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n        <code>location.addressLocality<\/code>\n        <\/td>\n<td>\n        <code><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\">Text<\/a><\/code><\/p>\n<p>The locality. For example,<br \/>\n            <code>Mountain View<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n        <code>location.addressRegion<\/code>\n        <\/td>\n<td>\n        <code><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\">Text<\/a><\/code><\/p>\n<p>The region. For example, <code>CA<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n        <code>location.postalCode<\/code>\n        <\/td>\n<td>\n        <code><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\">Text<\/a><\/code><\/p>\n<p>The postal code. For example,<br \/>\n            <code>94043<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n        <code>location.streetAddress<\/code>\n        <\/td>\n<td>\n        <code><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\">Text<\/a><\/code><\/p>\n<p>The street address. For example,<br \/>\n            <code>1600 Amphitheatre Pkwy<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n        <code>name<\/code>\n        <\/td>\n<td>\n        <code><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Text\" class=\"external-link\">Text<\/a><\/code><\/p>\n<p>The name of the library branch.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 id=\"example-librarysystem-feed-json-file\" tabindex=\"-1\">Example <code>LibrarySystem<\/code> feed JSON file<\/h3>\n<div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Explore this guide to learn how to use book schema to provide a feed to Google and to use ReadAction to help users find your books in Google Search.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"menu_order":82,"template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"ar_kb_kategori":[679],"ar_kb_etiket":[],"class_list":["post-25502","ar_kb","type-ar_kb","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","ar_kb_kategori-feature-guides"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alienroad.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ar_kb\/25502","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alienroad.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ar_kb"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alienroad.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/ar_kb"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/alienroad.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ar_kb\/25502\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alienroad.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27535"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alienroad.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25502"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"ar_kb_kategori","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alienroad.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ar_kb_kategori?post=25502"},{"taxonomy":"ar_kb_etiket","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alienroad.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ar_kb_etiket?post=25502"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}