Breadcrumb (BreadcrumbList) structured data

Breadcrumb in search results

A breadcrumb trail on a page indicates the page’s position in the site hierarchy, and it may
help users understand and explore a site effectively. A user can navigate all the way up in
the site hierarchy, one level at a time, by starting from the last breadcrumb in the
breadcrumb trail.

Feature availability

This feature is available on desktop in all regions and languages where Google Search is available.

How to add structured data

Structured data is a standardized format for providing information about a page and classifying the page
content. If you’re new to structured data, you can learn more about
how structured data works.

Here’s an overview of how to build, test, and release structured data.

Add the required properties. Based on the
format you’re using, learn where to insert structured data on the page.
Using a CMS? It may be easier to use a plugin that’s integrated into your CMS.

Using JavaScript? Learn how to
generate structured data with JavaScript.
Follow the guidelines.
Validate your code using the
Rich Results Test
and fix any critical errors. Consider also fixing any non-critical issues that may be flagged
in the tool, as they can help improve the quality of your structured data (however, this isn’t necessary to be eligible for rich results).
Deploy a few pages that include your structured data and use the URL Inspection tool to test how Google sees the page. Be sure that your page is
accessible to Google and not blocked by a robots.txt file, the noindex tag, or
login requirements. If the page looks okay, you can
ask Google to recrawl your URLs.
Note: Allow time for re-crawling and re-indexing. Remember that it
may take several days after publishing a page for Google to find and crawl it.
To keep Google informed of future changes, we recommend that you
submit a sitemap. You can automate this with the
Search Console Sitemap API.

Examples

Google Search uses breadcrumb markup in the body of a web page to categorize
the information from the page in search results. Often, as illustrated in
following use cases, users can arrive at a page from very different types of
search queries. While each search may return the same web page, the breadcrumb
categorizes the content within the context of the Google Search query. The page
for the winners of a fictional book award might use the following breadcrumb trails:

Single breadcrumb trail

If there is only one breadcrumb trail that can lead to the page, the page could specify the
following breadcrumb trail:

Books ›
Science Fiction ›
Award Winners

JSON-LD

Here’s an example in JSON-LD to support that breadcrumb:

RDFa

Here’s an example in RDFa to support that breadcrumb:

Microdata

Here’s an example in Microdata to support that breadcrumb:

HTML

Here’s an example of an HTML breadcrumb block within the page as part of the visual design.

Multiple breadcrumb trail

If there are multiple ways to navigate to a page on your site, you can specify multiple
breadcrumb trails for a single page. Here’s one breadcrumb trail that leads to a page
for award winning books:

Books ›
Science Fiction ›
Award Winners

Here’s the another breadcrumb trail that leads to the same page:

Literature ›
Award Winners

JSON-LD

Here’s the example JSON-LD that supports multiple breadcrumb trails:

<html> 
 <head> 
 <title>Award Winners</title> 
 <script type=”application/ld+json”> 
 [{ 
 “@context”: “https://schema.org”, 
 “@type”: “BreadcrumbList”, 
 “itemListElement”: [{ 
 “@type”: “ListItem”, 
 “position”: 1, 
 “name”: “Books”, 
 “item”: “https://example.com/books” 
 },{ 
 “@type”: “ListItem”, 
 “position”: 2, 
 “name”: “Science Fiction”, 
 “item”: “https://example.com/books/sciencefiction” 
 },{ 
 “@type”: “ListItem”, 
 “position”: 3, 
 “name”: “Award Winners” 
 }] 
 }, 
 { 
 “@context”: “https://schema.org”, 
 “@type”: “BreadcrumbList”, 
 “itemListElement”: [{ 
 “@type”: “ListItem”, 
 “position”: 1, 
 “name”: “Literature”, 
 “item”: “https://example.com/literature” 
 },{ 
 “@type”: “ListItem”, 
 “position”: 2, 
 “name”: “Award Winners” 
 }] 
 }] 
 </script> 
 </head> 
 <body> 
 </body> 
</html>

RDFa

Here’s the example RDFa that supports multiple breadcrumb trails:

<html> 
 <head> 
 <title>Award Winners</title> 
 </head> 
 <body> 
 <ol vocab=”https://schema.org/” typeof=”BreadcrumbList”> 
 <li property=”itemListElement” typeof=”ListItem”> 
 <a property=”item” typeof=”WebPage” 
 href=”https://example.com/books”> 
 Books</a> 
 <meta property=”position” content=”1″> 
 </li> 
 › 
 <li property=”itemListElement” typeof=”ListItem”> 
 <a property=”item” typeof=”WebPage” 
 href=”https://example.com/books/sciencefiction”> 
 Science Fiction</a> 
 <meta property=”position” content=”2″> 
 </li> 
 › 
 <li property=”itemListElement” typeof=”ListItem”> 
 <a property=”item” typeof=”WebPage” 
 href=”https://example.com/books/sciencefiction/awardwinners”> 
 Award Winners</a> 
 <meta property=”position” content=”3″> 
 </li> 
 </ol> 
 <ol vocab=”https://schema.org/” typeof=”BreadcrumbList”> 
 <li property=”itemListElement” typeof=”ListItem”> 
 <a property=”item” typeof=”WebPage” 
 href=”https://example.com/literature”> 
 Literature</a> 
 <meta property=”position” content=”1″> 
 </li> 
 › 
 <li property=”itemListElement” typeof=”ListItem”> 
 Award Winners 
 <meta property=”position” content=”2″> 
 </li> 
 </ol> 
 </body> 
</html>

Microdata

Here’s the example Microdata that supports multiple breadcrumb trails:

<html> 
 <head> 
 <title>Award Winners</title> 
 </head> 
 <body> 
 <ol itemscope itemtype=”https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList”> 
 <li itemprop=”itemListElement” itemscope 
 itemtype=”https://schema.org/ListItem”> 
 <a itemprop=”item” href=”https://example.com/books”> 
 Books</a> 
 <meta itemprop=”position” content=”1″ /> 
 </li> 
 › 
 <li itemprop=”itemListElement” itemscope 
 itemtype=”https://schema.org/ListItem”> 
 <a itemscope itemtype=”https://schema.org/WebPage” 
 itemprop=”item” itemid=”https://example.com/books/sciencefiction” 
 href=”https://example.com/books/sciencefiction”> 
 Science Fiction</a> 
 <meta itemprop=”position” content=”2″ /> 
 </li> 
 › 
 <li itemprop=”itemListElement” itemscope 
 itemtype=”https://schema.org/ListItem”> 
 <a itemprop=”item” href=”https://example.com/books/sciencefiction/awardwinners”> 
 Award Winners</a> 
 <meta itemprop=”position” content=”3″ /> 
 </li> 
 </ol> 
 <ol itemscope itemtype=”https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList”> 
 <li itemprop=”itemListElement” itemscope 
 itemtype=”https://schema.org/ListItem”> 
 <a itemprop=”item” href=”https://example.com/literature”> 
 Literature</a> 
 <meta itemprop=”position” content=”1″ /> 
 </li> 
 › 
 <li itemprop=”itemListElement” itemscope 
 itemtype=”https://schema.org/ListItem”> 
 Award Winners 
 <meta itemprop=”position” content=”2″ /> 
 </li> 
 </ol> 
 </body> 
</html>

HTML

Here’s an example of an HTML breadcrumb block within the page as part of the visual design.

Guidelines

You must follow these guidelines to be eligible to appear with breadcrumbs in Google Search.

We recommend providing breadcrumbs that represent a typical user path to a page, instead of
mirroring the URL structure. It is not required to include a breadcrumb ListItem
for the top level path (your site’s domain or host name), nor for the page itself.

Structured data type definitions

To specify breadcrumbs, define a BreadcrumbList that contains at least two
ListItems. You must include the required properties for your content to be eligible
for display with breadcrumbs.

`BreadcrumbList`

BreadcrumbList is the container item that holds all elements in the list. The
full definition of BreadcrumbList is available at
schema.org/BreadcrumbList.
The Google-supported properties are the following:

Required properties

Required properties
`itemListElement`	`ListItem` An array of breadcrumbs listed in a specific order. Specify each breadcrumb with a `ListItem`. For example:

itemListElement

ListItem

An array of breadcrumbs listed in a specific order. Specify each breadcrumb with a
ListItem. For example:

`ListItem`

ListItem contains details about an individual item in the list. The full
definition of ListItem is available at
schema.org/ListItem.
The Google-supported properties are the following:

Required properties

Required properties
`item`	`URL` or a subtype of `Thing` The URL to the webpage that represents the breadcrumb. There are two ways to specify `item`: `URL`: Specify the URL of the page. For example: `Thing`: Use an id to specify the URL based on the markup format you’re using: JSON-LD: Use `@id` to specify the URL. Microdata: You can use `href` or `itemid` to specify the URL. RDFa: You can use `about`, `href`, or `resource` to specify the URL. If the breadcrumb is the last item in the breadcrumb trail, `item` is not required. If `item` isn’t included for the last item, Google uses the URL of the containing page.
`name`	`Text` The title of the breadcrumb displayed for the user. If you’re using a `Thing` with a `name` instead of a `URL` to specify `item`, then `name` is not required.
`position`	`Integer` The position of the breadcrumb in the breadcrumb trail. Position 1 signifies the beginning of the trail.

item

URL or a
subtype of Thing

The URL to the webpage that represents the breadcrumb. There are two ways to specify
item:

URL: Specify the URL of the page. For example:
Thing: Use an id to specify the URL based on the markup format
you’re using:
- JSON-LD: Use @id to specify the URL.
- Microdata: You can use href or itemid
  to specify the URL.
- RDFa: You can use about, href,
  or resource to specify the URL.

If the breadcrumb is the last item in the breadcrumb trail, item is not
required. If item isn’t included for the last item, Google uses the URL
of the containing page.

name

Text

The title of the breadcrumb displayed for the user. If you’re using a
Thing with a name instead of a URL to specify item, then name is not required.

position

Integer

The position of the breadcrumb in the breadcrumb trail. Position 1 signifies
the beginning of the trail.

Monitor rich results with Search Console

Search Console is a tool that helps you monitor how your pages perform in Google Search.
You don’t have to sign up for Search Console to be included in Google Search results,
but it can help you understand and improve how Google sees your site. We
recommend checking Search Console in the following cases:

After deploying structured data for the first time
After releasing new templates or updating your code
Analyzing traffic periodically

After deploying structured data for the first time

After Google has indexed your pages, look for issues using the relevant
Rich result status report.
Ideally, there will be an increase of valid items, and no increase in invalid items. If you find issues
in your structured data:

Fix the invalid items.
Inspect a live URL to check if the issue persists.
Request validation using the status report.

After releasing new templates or updating your code

When you make significant changes to your website, monitor for increases in structured data invalid items.

If you see an increase in invalid items, perhaps you rolled out a new template that doesn’t work, or your site interacts with the existing
template in a new and bad way.
If you see a decrease in valid items (not matched by an increase in invalid items), perhaps you are
no longer embedding structured data in your pages. Use the
URL Inspection tool to learn what is causing the issue.

Analyzing traffic periodically

Analyze your Google Search traffic using the Performance Report.
The data will show you how often your page appears as a rich result in Search, how often users click on it and what is
the average position you appear on search results. You can also automatically pull these
results with the Search Console API.

Troubleshooting

If you’re having trouble implementing or debugging structured data, here are some resources that
may help you.

If you’re using a content management system (CMS) or someone else is taking care of your site,
ask them to help you. Make sure to forward any Search Console message that details the issue to them.
Google does not guarantee that features that consume structured data will show up in search results.
For a list of common reasons why Google may not show your content in a rich result, see the
General Structured Data Guidelines.
You might have an error in your structured data. Check the
list of structured data errors
and the Unparsable structured data report.
If you received a structured data manual action against your page, the structured data on
the page will be ignored (although the page can still appear in Google Search results). To fix
structured data issues, use the Manual Actions report.
Review the guidelines again to identify if your content isn’t compliant
with the guidelines. The problem can be caused by either spammy content or spammy markup usage.
However, the issue may not be a syntax issue, and so the Rich Results Test won’t be able to
identify these issues.
Troubleshoot missing rich results / drop in total rich results.
Allow time for re-crawling and re-indexing. Remember that it may take several days after
publishing a page for Google to find and crawl it. For general questions about crawling and indexing, check the
Google Search crawling and indexing FAQ.
Post a question in the Google Search Central forum.

Alien Road

How we apply this

Breadcrumb markup replaces the raw URL in results with a readable path. It is one of the cheapest visual improvements available and we add it to every client site with real hierarchy.

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