App Store Optimization Study: What We Can Learn From the Top-Ranking Apps

If you have an app and have it listed on the Play Store (Google) and App Store (Apple), you’ve probably dug into the ins and outs of optimization for these platforms.

Textbook recommendations might not necessarily do the trick, though. That’s why we teamed up with MobileAction, a renowned tool for App Store Optimization and mobile user acquisition, developer of Mobile App Insights app in Alien Road App Center, to dissect the best practices of the apps that make it into the top 10 in the App Store and Play Store.

App Store Optimization Study: Highlights

Any good content has a teaser, so we’ll reveal some of the most interesting findings from our study. Take a sneak peek at our most compelling discoveries and dive into the full study:

• The App Store appears to have a more diverse landscape when it comes to app developers. The Play Store typically features fewer competitors across the analyzed categories.

• Brand awareness is the underlying success factor for your app. Both iOS and Android users tend to use brand names when they search for various apps.

• Reviews, unlike ratings, seem to have a direct correlation with rankings. Play Store users are generally more generous with reviews — the average app within the top 10 on Play Store gets 267K reviews, while in the App Store, that number goes down to 31.7K.

• Apps ranking for #1 positions are more likely to have a target keyword within their app name.

• Guess which app store features apps with more MBs? Right, it’s the App Store. An average iOS app is triple the size of an Android app. Does this have any impact on rankings? It’s counterintuitive, but heavier apps take higher positions across both stores.

What Is App Store Optimization?

App Store Optimization (ASO) is an organic approach to growing your app’s visibility on major app stores. All through optimization.

Think of it as SEO, only for the Play Store (Android devices) and App Store (iOS devices).

Just like Google search, the two biggest app stores keep their ranking factors a secret. But the general consensus among ASO specialists is that app rankings can be influenced by:

*Note: Play Store and App Store have different approaches to indexing keywords. The former considers the entire content (including title and descriptions), while the latter also indexes keywords added to a designated keywords field and the app subtitle.

We’ve looked at each variable to unwrap the extent of their influence on rankings and to pinpoint the best practices that you can use to give your app a potential visibility boost.

ASO Study Methodology

Together with the MobileAction team we defined a list of categories from both the Play Store and the App Store. We’ve pinpointed six categories where ASO plays the biggest role: Finance, Food and Drink, Games, Health and Fitness, Social Networking, and Shopping.

For each category, the MobileAction team pulled the top 100 most popular keywords, while our job was to:

• Choose the 10 top-ranking apps for each keyword in both the App Store and Play Store.
• Collect a number of metrics and features for further analysis (app name, developer, icon features, date of app’s last update, app size, description, category, screenshots, reviews, and ratings).

App Store and Play Store metrics and features (example):

Once we had pulled all the data, we grouped the metrics into four categories:

• User-driven factors: how ratings, comments, and other user evaluation criteria affect apps’ performance in search.
• Representation features: potential impact on rankings of everything from app name and subtitle to description and icons.
• Technical features: how things like app size or monetization model potentially influence apps’ visibility.

• Branding factors: possible importance of the weight of the brand.

App Store Optimization: Examining the Top-Performing Apps

Although similar, the Play Store and the App Store each have their peculiarities. So, we’ve separated our study into two key parts:

1. Findings for the App Store; and
2. Findings for the Play Store.

Now, let’s see what it is that shapes the top-notch performance of the 10 best-ranking apps within their categories.

Dissecting ASO For the App Store (iOS)

(How) Do User-Driven Factors Affect Apps’ Rankings?

Ratings

Our analysis shows that ratings don’t determine an app’s position within the top 10. In fact, the average ratings for apps that make it into the top 3 tend to be lower than for apps ranking below position 3.

If you think that your rankings lag because you lack a 5-star rating, you’re mistaken. The average app rating for positions 1 to 5 is about 3.3 stars.

Maybe there are some differences from one category to another? We looked at that too.

Apps in the Health and Fitness category tend to get the highest ratings from users; their average is close to 4 stars. The only category that shows a significant drop in user satisfaction is Food and Drink — the averages here don’t even make it to 3 stars.

As for rating dynamics versus app position, we can see that various categories show somewhat mixed trends. While Food and Drink apps return a more coherent picture — the lower the ratings, the lower the rankings — Finance and Social Networking apps witness a reverse trend.

Pro tip: While the App Store doesn’t seem to care much about ratings when ranking apps, users do pay attention. So, while ratings don’t directly impact apps’ performance, they might have an indirect impact, influencing conversions, which in turn affect your rankings.

Reviews

Unlike ratings, reviews have a more direct correlation with rankings. Our data shows that the more reviews you have, the higher the position you take.

As you can see, with reviews, the averages tend to show a high discrepancy with the median values. This implies that some apps return a lot more reviews than the rest. Therefore, it’s the median numbers you should be looking at here.

Category-wise, Gaming apps attract the largest amount of user feedback, with the average being at 9K reviews. The category that shows the lowest volume of reviews is Health and Fitness, our ratings leader.

When we look at the reviews-position pairing, it’s the Games category once again that witnesses a sharp decrease in rankings due to a drop in user feedback. Other niches show more even patterns, without any dramatic downturns.

(How) Does the Way You Present Your App Impact Position?

App name

On average, app names on the App Store have around 21 characters, and are about 4 words long.

The wordiest categories are Health and Fitness and Finance (27 characters), while the Food and Drink apps prefer to keep things more concise (18 characters).

When it comes to impact assessment, we spotted no correlation between name length and position. As you can see from the graph below, character counts tend to stay almost the same regardless of position changes.

Now, does anything change when we look at the presence of keywords within the app title?

For instance, if the target keyword is dating, do the apps that include dating in their name rank higher than those that don’t?

To assess this, we’ve designed a metric that evaluates the level of similarity between a keyword and the title. We have a complete match when the metric hits 1, and no match when the value gets down to 0. Note that for this part only, we excluded branded keywords to avoid a situation where, for instance, a search for “Instagram” brings Instagram in the first position.

We can notice that apps taking over the top position typically have a close match to the target keyword. This means that you’d better include a keyword within your app name if you want to win the #1 position.

One another observation we made is that many apps include special characters (e.g., “Drop The Number: Merge Puzzle”, “Color Merge Blast – 2048 balls”). So we collected the top symbols appearing in app titles.

Top apps typically include “-”, “:” and “&” in their app name. Social Networking and Finance apps use special symbols more often than other categories.

App’s subtitle

Our analysis showed that about 80% of all apps within the App Store feature a special subtitle.

Typically, subtitles are 4 to 5 words long, and there is not much discrepancy between the categories. We also spotted no significant changes in subtitle usage from one position to another.

App’s description

While we know that the App Store doesn’t consider your description when it considers keywords, the number of words in your description appears to affect your position.

Our data showcased that the lower in rankings apps go, the fewer words they have in their description.

On average, the top-ranking apps across all categories feature about 300 words in the description.

Health and Fitness apps tend to have the longest descriptions (420+ words).

Also, we noticed that apps use descriptions as a place for different calls-to-action (CTA) — all to entice users to install the app.

The table below sums up the most frequent CTAs used in descriptions of different app categories:

Pro tip: If your app falls into one of these categories, double-check if your description features some of these phrases. If not, try adding at least a few CTAs from this table, and see if you notice any positive shifts.

App’s icon

Each app within the App Store has an icon.

They can be very minimalistic, but sometimes developers use complex visuals with a lot of colors.

Is there much difference, though? We’ve analyzed this.

Across the board, apps’ icons typically feature around four colors, with white being the most popular color across all the categories (20%+ of apps use white as the core color); the rest of the palette varies from one niche to another.

For instance, Games apps’ second most popular color is brown. Finance apps prefer blue-ish shades. Food and Drink apps have a taste for red, using crimson colors more than any other category we analyzed.

(How) Do Technical Features Influence Apps’ Performance?

App size

We’ve looked at apps’ sizes in MB to evaluate the correlation between app size and rankings, and the findings were counterintuitive.

We noticed a slight decrease in the average app size with the position. It’s probably some improved functionality that gets “higher-weighing” apps higher positions in the App Store, but we can’t say for sure if it’s the graphics, more features, or something else that contributes to the increased size.

The average app in the App Store has a size of 174MB. Apps within the Games category, however, are much “heavier” than others (427MB). That’s not surprising as a lot of modern games usually have more complex graphics than shops or messengers.

App updates

You’d think that being current is something the App Store takes into account when ranking apps. Our data shows that it’s true for the first two to three positions.

When analyzing the full scope of the apps, though, we noticed that some apps were last updated back in 2017. This implies that the app update date is not so important, as even older apps can make it into the top 10.

As averages might return an inaccurate view (after all, some apps haven’t seen updates in years), we looked at median values to calculate how many days had passed since the last update. It typically takes 21 days to release improvements for all the top-ranking apps across the board, with Finance apps featuring more frequent updates.

App monetization

An app can be free to download or have a price tag on it. Even if it is free to download, it can contain in-app purchases like a pro account or a paid plan that you can buy inside the app (it has a tag “in-app purchases”).

100% free apps usually don’t earn money from the apps themselves. These are the apps of e-shops or food deliveries, payment systems, or online banks — the services through which you buy some other product. These can also include apps that earn money from ads inserted into the app interface.

The chart below shows the distribution of pricing types by category.

The majority of apps within the Health and Fitness, Social Networking, and Games categories are free to download but have internal purchases. Apps from the Finance, Food and Drink, and Shopping categories tend to be fully free to use. Games is the category with the highest number of apps that require any in-app payment or a paid download.

As for any influence on rankings, our data showed no correlation between app position and the pricing model.

How Diverse Is the App Developer Landscape Within the App Store?

Diversity of developers and apps

To assess how many developers are ‘responsible’ for the apps we see for each category, we looked at the search results and the number of developers presented.

Our findings show that the Games, Finance, and Food and Drink categories tend to have more competitors racing for the top spots. The Health and Fitness and Shopping landscape appears to have more dominant leaders, with ABISHKKING owning over 30% of all the apps in the former category and H&M owning more than 18% of the apps in the latter.

Search trends

We looked at the top 10 keywords for each category, and saw that the most popular keywords are those that have to do with brands.

The data above implies that people search for specific app brands more often than they search for a specific feature or action. This only means that an investment in brand awareness can go a long way when promoting your app.

Dissecting ASO For the Play Store (Android)

(How) Do User-Driven Factors Affect Apps’ Rankings?

Rating

Just like the App Store, the Play Store doesn’t appear to place too much emphasis on ratings when ranking apps. But rating averages tend to be higher.

The average app in positions 1 to 5 has a 4-star rating in the Play Store (vs. the App Store’s 3.3 stars).

In the Play Store, the highest ratings go to gaming apps.

As for ratings’ influence on apps’ organic performance in the Play Store, it looks like rankings don’t go down with falling ratings.

Reviews

When it comes to reviews, the ranking patterns are once again similar to those of the App Store. Reviews do seem to affect rankings, and to a large extent when we’re looking at the top position.

Looking at median values (as some apps have an incredibly high volume of reviews), we can see that apps making it to the first position tend to have almost triple the number of reviews compared to the next-ranking apps.

Unlike the App Store, where gaming apps attract the largest number of reviews, Play Store users mostly leave feedback for Social Networking apps. The average review count for this category is 39K.

When looking at the impact of reviews on rankings, we only see a significant decrease in position vs. reviews within the Social Networking and Games categories, especially in the top 2 positions. For other categories, the drop is less notable.

In general, Android users appear to leave more reviews across all categories compared to iOS stats. The average app in the Play Store gets about 267K reviews, while in the App Store, it’s 31.7K.

(How) Does the Way You Present Your App Impact Position?

App name

The average top-ranking app in the Play Store has around 28 characters and four words in its name.

Health and Fitness apps tend to have the longest names, with an average of 28 characters, just like in the App Store.

As for any influence of the title length on rankings, there is some difference between the categories. Health and Fitness, Social Networking, and Games apps do show a slight increase in positions with a lengthier app name. Finance, Shopping, and Food and Drink apps don’t appear to show any correlation between performance and title length.

As the Play Store indexes the entire content of the app for keywords, does this mean that we can spot a closer dependency between including a keyword in the title and rankings? Let’s see.

Just as in the App Store, the similarity between the app name and the keyword is stronger in the very top position. Meaning, adding a keyword to your app name is always a good idea if you want to race for the #1 spot. But the closeness of that similarity appears to be somewhat lower in the Play Store than in the App Store, which is curious given how differently the two app stores go about keyword indexing.

As for the most common symbols within app names, they are exactly the same as in the App Store: “-”, “:” and “&”. Social Networking and Finance apps use special characters the most. And, in general, Play Store apps use symbols within their title more than in the App Store.

App’s description

Apps ranking in the #1 position have the highest number of words within their description. From positions 2-10, we could see no decreasing trend, meaning that unless we’re talking about that top position, it really doesn’t matter how many words are included in the description.

Similar to the App Store, Play Store apps’ descriptions have around 300 words, with Health and Fitness apps being more wordy (400+ words).

When it comes to various CTAs within descriptions, Play Store apps tend to use them more often than in the App Store. But as for the actual wording, it doesn’t vary much between the two platforms.

The table below features some of the most used CTAs for various app categories:

App’s icon

Just as in the App Store, Play Store apps’ icons typically have four colors, with white as the most popular color. But then, the picture differs a lot.

In the Play Store, Health and Fitness apps have more purple, and Food and Drink apps appear to add more green shades.

While the icon stays the same in both stores, the top 10 across the stores feature different apps, hence the discrepancy.

(How) Do Technical Features Influence Apps’ Performance?

App size

The top-performing apps in the Play Store seem to be “lighter” than they are in the App Store. If the latter’s average is at 174MB, Android apps are around 60MB in size.

Once again, the “heaviest” apps take over the top spots across the board.

Games apps in the Play Store are almost 50% bigger than the rest.

App updates

The average app in the Play Store has 22 days between updates; this is one day more than the average for iOS apps.

When it comes to the top spots, however, it appears that the Play Store cares about app “freshness” slightly more than the App Store. Apps that make it into the #1 position tend to have the most recent updates.

Beyond the first position, the correlation weakens, if not disappears.

The App Store’s most up-to-date apps are typically within the Finance category. In the Play Store, it’s Social Networking apps that feature more updates. In contrast to the App Store, Finance apps on Android have the highest number of days between releasing improvements.

App monetization

From a bird’s-eye-view, the Play Store features more free apps than its iOS counterpart. We even spotted that some apps have a price tag on the App Store but are free on Android.

The overall patterns, however, are consistent across the stores. Health and Fitness, Social Networking, and Games apps are typically free to download but have internal purchases. Apps from Finance, Food and Drink, and Shopping categories tend to be fully free as they earn from selling their product rather than the app itself.

How Diverse Is the App Developer Landscape Within the Play Store?

Diversity of developers and apps

The Play Store seems to be less competitive than the App Store when it comes to the diversity of developers.

Across categories, we see more dominance of certain players, with the only exception being Social Networking and Food and Drink niches. In Health and Fitness, Leap Fitness Group has around 35% of the apps’ share within the industry. In Games, Electronic Arts owns around 23% of all the gaming apps.

Search trends

When it comes to the way people search for apps, Android users appear to be just as focused on brand names as iOS users. So, whether you are promoting your app on the Play Store or the App Store, it’s brand awareness that helps you win the race.

Over to You

Now that you know more about ASO optimization and what makes the top-performing apps rank the way they do, here’s a final checklist that sums up our ASO study findings and highlights the most actionable discoveries:

• Reviews have a more direct impact on your rankings than ratings. So don’t get discouraged when you see those 4 stars. The leading apps in their categories also don’t make it to 5 stars. Find out the average number of reviews for the top apps in your industry and try to hit that benchmark, or it can be a deal breaker.

• Get creative and add lengthier descriptions for your app. It might not matter much for lower ranks, but descriptions of apps in the top 3 positions feature more words.

• Don’t forget to add compelling CTAs to your descriptions. They vary from industry to industry, but if you read carefully through our study, you’ll start noticing some patterns — for example, financial apps tend to highlight security, gaming apps set users up for a challenge, while some other categories want to convince users they are “the best”.

• Make sure your app name includes your target keyword!

• App size is not a problem. In fact, top apps tend to be “heavier” than the rest. So don’t hesitate to add more graphics and other features you think add MBs to your app — neither the App Store nor the Play Store seem to mind.

• When it comes to ranks, your pricing model doesn’t matter. Meanwhile, scout the competition and explore their monetization models. Because while stores might still give you those ranks, users might be more sensitive to pricing.

• Don’t release updates for the sake of updates. Rankings-wise, your last update date has little impact. ‘If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it’, but if you see issues with the user experience and other problems, updates are a must.

For more ASO insights, check out our comprehensive App Store Optimization guide.

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